JAINISM AND BUDDHISM | HISTORY | PARMAR SSC

The “Jainism and Buddhism” chapter by Parmar Sir explains the rise of these two major religious movements in the 6th century BCE as reactions to Vedic ritualism and social inequality. It covers the life and teachings of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, focusing on principles like non-violence, truth, the Middle Path, and the Eightfold Path. The chapter highlights their spread through royal patronage, monastic orders, and missionary activities, as well as their impact on art, architecture, and society. It also contrasts their philosophies, decline in India, and enduring global influence, portraying them as transformative forces in India’s spiritual and cultural history.